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View from Memorial Glade of Sather Tower (The Campanile), the center of UC Berkeley. The ring of its bells and clock can be observed from all over campus.
Main article: History of the University of California, Berkeley
In 1866, the land comprising the current Berkeley campus was purchased by the private College of California. Because it lacked sufficient funds to operate, it eventually merged with the state-run Agricultural, Mining, and Mechanical Arts College to form the University of California, the first full-curriculum public university in the state. The university opened in September 1869. Frederick Billings was a trustee of the College of California and suggested that the college be named in honor of the Anglo-Irish philosopher George Berkeley.[12] In 1870 Henry Durant, the founder of the College of California, became the first president. With the completion of North and South Halls in 1873, the university relocated to its Berkeley location with 167 male and 222 female students and held its first classes.[13]
Beginning in 1891, Phoebe Apperson Hearst made several large gifts to Berkeley, funding a number of programs and new buildings, and sponsoring, in 1898, an international competition in Antwerp, Belgium, where French architect Emile Bernard submitted the winning design for a campus master plan. In 1905, the University Farm was established near Sacramento, ultimately becoming the University of California, Davis.[14] By the 1920s, the number of campus buildings had grown substantially, and included twenty structures designed by architect John Galen Howard.[15]
Robert Gordon Sproul served as president from 1930 to 1958.[16] By 1942, the American Council on Education ranked UC Berkeley second only to Harvard University in the number of distinguished departments.[16]
During World War II, following Glenn Seaborg's then-secret discovery of plutonium, Ernest Orlando Lawrence's Radiation Laboratory began to contract with the U.S. Army to develop the atomic bomb. UC Berkeley physics professor J. Robert Oppenheimer was named scientific head of the Manhattan Project in 1942.[17][18] Along with the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (formerly the Radiation Lab), Berkeley is now a partner in managing two other labs, Los Alamos National Laboratory (1943) and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (1952).
Originally, military training was compulsory for male undergraduates, and Berkeley housed an armory for that purpose. In 1917, Berkeley's ROTC program was established, and its School of Military Aeronautics trained future pilots, including Jimmy Doolittle, who graduated with a B.A. in 1922. Both Robert McNamara and Frederick C. Weyand graduated from UC Berkeley's ROTC program, earning B.A. degrees in 1937 and 1938, respectively. In 1926, future fleet admiral Chester W. Nimitz established the first Naval Reserve Officers Training Corps unit at Berkeley. During World War II, the military increased its presence on campus to recruit more officers, and by 1944, more than 1,000 Berkeley students were enrolled in the V-12 Navy College Training Program and naval training school for diesel engineering.[19] The Board of Regents ended compulsory military training at Berkeley in 1962.
During the McCarthy era in 1949, the Board of Regents adopted an anti-communist loyalty oath. A number of faculty members objected and were dismissed;[20] ten years passed before they were reinstated with back pay.[21]
In 1952, the University of California became an entity separate from the Berkeley campus. Each campus was given relative autonomy and its own Chancellor. Then-president Sproul assumed presidency of the entire University of California system, and Clark Kerr became the first Chancellor of UC Berkeley.[16]
Sather Tower (the Campanile) looking out over the San Francisco Bay and Mount Tamalpais.
Berkeley gained a reputation for student activism in the 1960s with the Free Speech Movement in 1964,[22] and opposition to the Vietnam War. In the highly publicized People's Park protest in 1969, students and the school conflicted over use of a plot of land; the National Guard was called in and violence erupted.[22][23] Modern students at Berkeley are less politically active, with a greater percentage of moderates and conservatives.[24][25] Democrats outnumber Republicans on the faculty by a ratio of 9:1.[26]
Various human and animal rights groups have recently conflicted with Berkeley. Native Americans conflicted with the school over repatriation of remains from the Phoebe A. Hearst Museum of Anthropology.[27] Animal-rights activists have threatened faculty members using animals for research.[28] The school's response to tree sitters protesting construction caused controversy in the local community.[29]
As state funding (now about 25%) has declined,[30] Berkeley has turned to private sources: BP donated $500 million to develop biofuels, the Hewlett Foundation gave $113 million to endow 100 faculty chairs, and Dow Chemical gave $10 million to research sustainability.[31][32] The BP grant has been criticized for diverting food production to fuel production.[33][34]
The original name University of California was frequently shortened to California or Cal. UC Berkeley's athletic teams date to this time and so are referred to as the California Golden Bears, Cal Bears, or just Cal. Today, University of California refers to a statewide school system. Referring to the University of California, Berkeley as UCB or University of California at Berkeley is discouraged[35] and the domain name is berkeley.edu. Moreover, the term "Cal Berkeley" is not a correct reference to the school, but is occasionally used. Berkeley is unaffiliated with the Berklee College of Music or Berkeley College. However, UC Berkeley does share academic ties with Yale University; not only were many original Berkeley founders Yale graduates (see below), but the names, University of California, Berkeley and Berkeley College (Yale), were inspired by the intellectual contributions of the western philosopher, George Berkeley.
[edit] Tags:Latin,Fiat Lux,Let There Be Light,Flagship,Public,Endowment,Chancellor,Robert J. Birgeneau,Undergraduates,Postgraduates,Berkeley,California,United States,Nobel Laureates,Gold,Ncaa,Division I,California Golden Bears,Oski The Bear,Aau,Iaru,Pacific-12,Eastern Side,Graduate Degree,College Of California,Oakland,University Of California,United States Department Of Energy National Laboratories,Los Alamos National Laboratory,Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory,Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory,U.s. Department Of Energy,Nobel Prizes,Wolf Prizes,Fields Medals,Turing Awards,Macarthur Fellowships,Academy Awards,Pulitzer Prizes,Chemical Elements,Periodic Table,Californium,Seaborgium,Berkelium,Einsteinium,Fermium,Lawrencium,Berkeley Lab,Association Of American Universities,J. Robert Oppenheimer,Manhattan Project,Atomic Bomb,Los Alamos, New Mexico,World War Ii,Olympic,Pacific-12 Conference,Mountain Pacific Sports Federation,Yale Blue,Frederick Billings,Anglo-irish,George Berkeley,Henry Durant,South Halls,Phoebe Apperson Hearst,Sacramento,University Of California, Davis,John Galen Howard,Robert Gordon Sproul,Harvard University,Glenn Seaborg,Ernest Orlando Lawrence,Radiation Laboratory,Jimmy Doolittle,Robert Mcnamara,Frederick C. Weyand,Fleet Admiral,Chester W. Nimitz,Naval Reserve Officers Training Corps,V-12 Navy College Training Program,Mccarthy Era,Board Of Regents,Communist,Loyalty Oath,Clark Kerr,San Francisco Bay,Mount Tamalpais,Free Speech Movement,Opposition To The Vietnam War,People's Park,National Guard,Native Americans,Animal-rights,Tree Sitters,Bp,Biofuels,Dow Chemical,Sustainability,Diverting Food Production,Berklee College Of Music,Berkeley College,Yale University,Berkeley College (yale),Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Academic Ranking Of World Universities,University Rankings (overall),Arwu,U.s. News & World Report,Washington Monthly,Qs,Times,Times Higher Education World University Rankings,Qs World University Rankings,Newsweek,The Princeton Review,Haas School Of Business,Boalt School Of Law,Goldman School Of Public Policy,Uc Berkeley School Of Public Health,Harvard,Stanford,National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowships,Mit,The Washington Monthly,Lawrence Hall Of Science,Space Sciences Laboratory,University Of California Botanical Garden,City Of Oakland,Claremont Resort,Panoramic Hill,Tilden Park,Downtown Business District Of Berkeley,Gourmet Ghetto,Chez Panisse,Northside,Berkeley Hills,Clark Kerr Campus,Claremont,Area South Of The University,Richmond, California,South Hall,Phoebe Hearst, | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Rankings | 3>
The 2011 Shanghai Jiao Tong University's Academic Ranking of World Universities ranked Berkeley 4th in the world and the United States and 2nd in California. In terms of "fields", Berkeley is ranked 2nd in Natural Sciences and Mathematics, 3rd in Engineering/Technology and Computer, 4th in Social Sciences, 15th in Life and Agricultural Sciences, and 29th in Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy. In its "subject" ranking, Berkeley is ranked 2nd in Chemistry, 3rd in Mathematics, 3rd in Computer Science, 4th in Economics/Business, and 5th in Physics.[36] According to the US News & World Report Subject Rankings, Berkeley is ranked 4th in Arts & Humanities, 3rd in Engineering & IT, 5th in Life Sciences and Biomedicine, 5th in Natural and Physical Sciences, and 5th in Social Sciences.
University rankings (overall)
National
ARWU[37]
4
U.S. News & World Report[38]
21
Washington Monthly[39]
3
Global
ARWU[40]
4
QS[41]
21
Times[42]
10
In 2012, the Times Higher Education World University Rankings named Berkeley the world's 5th most prestigious university, and one of six globally-recognized "super brands." [43] The 2011 Times Higher Education World University Rankings placed Berkeley 10th in the world, 7th in the United States, and 3rd in California.[44] The QS World University Rankings placed Berkeley 21st in the world, 14th in the United States, and 3rd in California.[45] (In 2010, the Times Higher Education World University Rankings and QS World University Rankings parted ways to produce separate rankings.) In the 2006 international edition of Newsweek, Berkeley was the fifth-ranked global university,[46] and the Center for Measuring University Performance placed Berkeley ninth among national research universities.[47]
Berkeley ranks 9th among universities that have produced the largest number of living billionaires.[48]
The Princeton Review ranks Berkeley as a college with a conscience[49] and the 5th best value in public colleges.[50]
The College Sustainability Report Card, published by the Sustainable Endowments Institute, gave Berkeley a B in 2009 for its efforts in environmental sustainability.[51]
Graduate Programs
U.S. News and World Report ranks UC Berkeley's professional programs among the best in the country. The Haas School of Business and Boalt School of Law both come in at 7th, while the Goldman School of Public Policy is ranked 6th, and the UC Berkeley School of Public Health is ranked 8th. UC Berkeley's graduate sciences also receive high marks, ranking 1st in Chemistry and Computer Science; 2nd in Math, Statistics, and Biological Sciences; 3rd in Earth Sciences; and 5th in Physics. UC Berkeley's graduate Engineering program is 3rd in overall quality, with specialty rankings of 1st in Civil Engineering, Electrical/ Electronic/ Communications Engineering, and Environmental/Environmental Health Engineering; 2nd in Chemical Engineering; and 3rd in Computer Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, and Industrial/ Manufacturing Engineering. The graduate social science programs at Berkeley score 1st in English, History, Psychology, and Sociology; and 6th in Economics and Political Science. [52] Faculty in the English Department have received 25 university Distinguished Teaching Awards-- more than any other department.
The most recent (2010) United States National Research Council Rankings, widely considered the ranking authority on US doctoral programs, identified UC Berkeley as having the highest number of top-ranked doctoral programs in the nation. Of all US research universities, UC Berkeley has the most graduate programs that extend into the top ten, with 48 out of 52 programs that were ranked, as well as the most programs with ranks that extend into the top 5, with 43 out of 52 ranked programs. UC Berkeley has the second highest number of graduate programs with a ranking of #1, with 16 out of 52 reaching top status-- for comparison, Harvard achieved this level in 19 of its 52 ranked programs, while Stanford achieved it in 11 of its 47 ranked programs. [53] UC Berkeley doctoral programs that received a #1 ranking include Agricultural and Resource Economics, Astrophysics, Chemistry, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Computer Science, English, Epidemiology, German, Mathematics, Mechanical Engineering, MCB: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, MCB: Genetics, Genomics, and Development, Physics, Plant Biology, and Political Science.
UC Berkeley was also the #1 recipient of National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowships between 2001-2010, with 1,333 awards. The next closest were MIT at 1,242 and Stanford at 1,070. [54]
Undergraduate Programs
Berkeley's undergraduate program was ranked the top public university among "National Universities" in the United States by U.S. News & World Report.[55] In 2009, UC Berkeley was ranked 3rd by The Washington Monthly and 21st among National Universities by U.S. News & World Report.[56][57] U.S. News ranked both the undergraduate programs in engineering and business 3rd in the nation.[58][59]
The Wall Street Journal major rankings place Berkeley in 2nd place for Computer Science, 3rd for both Marketing/Advertising and Finance, 6th for Business/Economics, 8th for Accounting, and 12th for Engineering. [60]
[edit] | Tags: Campus | 2>
Main article: Campus of the University of California, Berkeley
The Berkeley campus encompasses approximately 1,232 acres (499 ha), though the "central campus" occupies only the low-lying western 178 acres (72 ha) of this area. Of the remaining 1,000 acres (400 ha), approximately 200 acres (81 ha) are occupied by the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; other facilities above the main campus include the Lawrence Hall of Science and several research units, notably the Space Sciences Laboratory, the Mathematical Sciences Research Institute, an undeveloped 800 acres (320 ha) ecological preserve, the University of California Botanical Garden and a recreation center in Strawberry Canyon. Portions of the mostly undeveloped eastern area of the campus is actually within the City of Oakland; the northernmost eastern corner of Oakland extends from the Claremont Resort north through the Panoramic Hill neighborhood to Tilden Park.
To the west of the central campus is the downtown business district of Berkeley; to the northwest is the neighborhood of North Berkeley, including the so-called Gourmet Ghetto, a commercial district known for high quality dining due to the presence of such world-renowned restaurants as Chez Panisse. Immediately to the north is a quiet residential neighborhood known as Northside with a large graduate student population;[61] situated north of that are the upscale residential neighborhoods of the Berkeley Hills. Immediately southeast of campus lies fraternity row, and beyond that the Clark Kerr Campus and an upscale residential area named Claremont. The area south of the university includes student housing and Telegraph Avenue, one of Berkeley's main shopping districts with stores, street vendors and restaurants catering to college students and tourists. In addition, the University also owns land to the northwest of the main campus, a 90-acre (36 ha) married student housing complex in the nearby town of Albany ("Albany Village" and the "Gill Tract"), and a field research station several miles to the north in Richmond, California.
Outside of the Bay Area, the University owns various research laboratories and research forests in both northern and southern Sierra Nevada.
[edit] | Tags: Architecture | 3>
South Hall (1873), one of the two original buildings of the University of California, still stands on the Berkeley campus
What is considered the historic campus today was the result of the 1898 "International Competition for the Phoebe Hearst Architectural Plan for the University of California," funded by William Randolph Hearst's mother and initially held in the Belgian city of Antwerp; eleven finalists were judged again in San Francisco in 1899.[62] The winner was Frenchman Émile Bénard, however he refused to personally supervise the implementation of his plan and the task was subsequently given to architecture professor John Galen Howard. Howard designed over twenty buildings, which set the tone for the campus up until its expansion in the 1950s and 1960s. The structures forming the “classical core” of the campus were built in the Beaux-Arts Classical style, and include Hearst Greek Theatre, Hearst Memorial Mining Building, Doe Memorial Library, California Hall, Wheeler Hall, (Old) Le Conte Hall, Gilman Hall, Haviland Hall, Wellman Hall, Sather Gate, and the 307-foot (94 m) Sather Tower (nicknamed "the Campanile" after its architectural inspiration, St Mark's Campanile in Venice). Buildings he regarded as temporary, nonacademic, or not particularly "serious" were designed in shingle or Collegiate Gothic styles; examples of these are North Gate Hall, Dwinelle Annex, and Stephens Hall. Many of Howard's designs are recognized California Historical Landmarks[63] and are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
Built in 1873 in a Victorian Second-Empire-style, South Hall is the oldest university building in California. It, and the Frederick Law Olmsted-designed Piedmont Avenue east of the main campus, are the only remnants from the original University of California before John Galen Howard's buildings were constructed. Other architects whose work can be found in the campus and surrounding area are Bernard Maybeck[64] (best known for the Palace of Fine Arts in San Francisco), Maybeck's student Julia Morgan (Hearst Women's Gymnasium), Charles Willard Moore (Haas School of Business) and Joseph Esherick (Wurster Hall).
[edit] | Tags: Natural features | 3>
Strawberry Creek, as seen between Dwinelle Hall and Lower Sproul Plaza.
Flowing into the main campus are two branches of Strawberry Creek. The south fork enters a culvert upstream of the recreational complex at the mouth of Strawberry Canyon and passes beneath California Memorial Stadium before appearing again in Faculty Glade. It then runs through the center of the campus before disappearing underground at the west end of campus. The north fork appears just east of University House and runs through the glade north of the Valley Life Sciences Building, the original site of the Campus Arboretum.
Trees in the area date from the founding of the University in the 1870s. The campus, itself, contains numerous wooded areas; including: Founders' Rock, Faculty Glade, Grinnell Natural Area, and the Eucalyptus Grove, which is both the tallest stand of such trees in the world and the tallest stand of hardwood trees in North America.[65]
The campus sits on the Hayward Fault, which runs directly through California Memorial Stadium.[66] There is ongoing construction to retrofit the stadium. The "treesit" protest revolved around the controversy of clearing away trees by the stadium to build the new Student Athlete High Performance Center. As the stadium sits directly on the fault, this raised campus concerns of the safety of student athletes in the event of an earthquake as they train in facilities under the stadium stands.[67]
[edit] | Tags: Sustainability | 3>
In 2009, UC Berkeley developed the Climate Action Plan, pledging to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions by one-third, and eventually to achieve climate neutrality. The university tries to use as much post-consumer waste recycled copy paper as possible.[68] The ReUse project allows for people to share unneeded office supplies and equipment.[69] The Berkeley Green Campus Program is a student-led initiative, involving energy reduction challenges, light bulb swaps, and other programs designed to reduce the campus's eco-footprint.[70] UC Berkeley's efforts toward sustainability earned the school a B on the College Sustainability Report Card; overall, the school's grades within the sections were high—it earned A's in the majority of the Report Card.
[edit] | Tags: Student housing | 2>
Students at UC Berkeley live in a variety of housing that cater to personal and academic preferences and styles. The university offers two years of guaranteed housing for entering freshmen, and one year for entering transfer students. The immediately surrounding community offers apartments, Greek (fraternity and sorority) housing and cooperative housing, twenty of which are houses that are members of the Berkeley Student Cooperative.
[edit] | Tags: University housing | 3>
Main article: Housing at the University of California, Berkeley
Cunningham Hall and the newly built Towle Hall, part of the Unit 2 residence hall complex
The university runs twelve different residence halls, ranging from undergraduate residence halls (both themed and non-themed) and family student housing, to re-entry student housing and optional international student housing at the International House. Undergraduate residence halls are located off-campus in the city of Berkeley. Units 1, 2 and 3, located on the south side of campus, offer high-rise accommodations with common areas on every other floor. These three residential high-rises share a common dining hall, called Crossroads. Further away and also on the south side of campus is Clark Kerr, an undergraduate residence hall complex that houses many student athletes and was once a school for the deaf and blind.
Bowles Hall at the 2003 Homecoming and Parents Weekend
In the foothills east of the central campus, there are three additional undergraduate residence hall complexes: Foothill, Stern, and Bowles. Foothill is a co-ed suite-style hall reminiscent of a Swiss chalet. According to the Chancellor, it is considered one of the best residence halls at UC Berkeley. Just south of Foothill, overlooking the Hearst Greek Theatre, is the all-women's traditional-style Stern Hall, which boasts an original mural by Diego Rivera. Because of their proximity to the College of Engineering and College of Chemistry, these residence halls often house science and engineering majors. They tend to be quieter than the southside complexes, but because of their location next to the theatre, often get free glimpses of concerts. Bowles Hall, the oldest state-owned residence hall in California, is located immediately north of California Memorial Stadium. Dedicated in 1929 and on the National Register of Historic Places, this all-men's residence hall has large quad-occupancy rooms and has the appearance of a castle.
The Channing-Bowditch and Ida Jackson apartments are intended for older students.[71][72] Family student housing consists of two main groups of housing: University Village and Smyth-Fernwald. University Village is located three miles (5 km) north-west of campus in Albany, California, and Smyth-Fernwald near the Clark Kerr campus.
[edit] | Tags: Cooperative housing | 3>
Students in Berkeley have a number of cooperative housing options. The largest network of student housing cooperatives in the area is the Berkeley Student Cooperative (BSC).
Main article: Berkeley Student Cooperative
Students of UC Berkeley, as well as students of other universities and colleges in the area, have the option of living in one of the twenty cooperative houses of the Berkeley Student Cooperative (BSC), formerly the University Students' Cooperative Association (USCA), and member of the national cooperative federation, NASCO. The BSC is a nonprofit housing cooperative network consisting of 20 cooperative homes and 1250 member-owners.[73] The USCA (as the BSC was known by at that time) was founded in 1933 by then-director of the YWCA, Harry Kingman. The birth of the USCA, as well as many other cooperative organizations around the country, coincided with the Great Depression precisely as a response to scant resources. By living together in large houses and pooling together resources, members found that their monetary resources could go further to pay for their cost of living than living separately. In the 1960s, the USCA pioneered the first co-ed university housing in Berkeley, called the Ridge Project (later renamed Casa Zimbabwe). In 1975, the USCA founded its first and only vegetarian-themed house, Lothlorien. In 1997, the USCA opened its African-American theme house, Afro House, and in 1999 its LGBT-themed house, named after queer Irish author and poet Oscar Wilde.[74]
Notable alumni of the BSC include Marion Nestle, professor at New York University and author of Food Politics, and Beverly Cleary.
[edit] | Tags: Organization and administration | 2>
Berkeley is the oldest of the ten major campuses affiliated with the University of California. The University of California is governed by a 26-member Board of Regents, 18 of which are appointed by the Governor of California to 12-year terms, 7 serving as ex officio members, and a single student regent.[75] The position of Chancellor was created in 1952 to lead individual campuses. The Board appointed Robert J. Birgeneau to be the 9th Chancellor of the university in 2004.[76] 12 vice chancellors report directly to the Chancellor. The Executive Vice Chancellor and Provost serves as the chief academic officer and is the office to which the deans of the 14 colleges and schools report.[77]
Haas School of Business
Berkeley's 130-plus academic departments and programs are organized into 14 colleges and schools in addition to UC Berkeley Extension.[2] "Colleges" are both undergraduate and graduate, while "Schools" are generally graduate only, though some offer undergraduate majors, minors, or courses.
College of Chemistry
College of Engineering
College of Environmental Design
College of Letters and Science
College of Natural Resources
Graduate School of Education
Graduate School of Journalism
Haas School of Business
Goldman School of Public Policy
School of Information
School of Law (Boalt Hall)
School of Optometry
School of Public Health
School of Social Welfare
UC Berkeley Extension
UC Berkeley does not have a medical school; however, the University of California, San Francisco is a standalone medical school that is located nearby.
The 2006–2007 budget totaled $1.7 billion; 33% came from the State of California. In 2006–2007, 7,850 donors contributed $267.9 million and the endowment was valued at $2.89 billion.[2]
UC Berkeley employs 24,700 people directly and employees are permitted to unionize and are represented by AFSCME, California Nurses Association (CNA), Coalition of University Employees (CUE), UAW, UC-AFT, and UPTE.[2][78]
Berkeley is a large, primarily residential research university.[79] The full-time, four year undergraduate program offers 108 degrees in the arts and sciences and has high graduate coexistence.[79][80] The graduate program is a comprehensive doctoral program with 64 masters programs, 96 doctoral programs, and 32 professional programs.[79][80] Berkeley is accredited by the Western Association of Schools and Colleges.[81]
[edit] | Tags: University finances | 3>
See also: University of California finances
UC Berkeley receives funding from a variety of sources, including federal and state authorities, and private donors. With the exception of government contracts, public money is proportioned to UC Berkeley and the other 9 universities of the University of California system through the UC Office of the President.
Due in part to the 2008–11 California budget crisis, the state of California has reduced its educational appropriations to the University of California.[82] State educational appropriations such as general support given in the state's annual budget, and appropriations given to the state through the federal American Reinvestment and Recovery Act (ARRA) dropped $37M in 2010-11 from the previous calendar year. The university projects that state general support will drop from 15% to 11% of the university's total revenues in 2011-12. State budget shortfalls as well as rising costs in pensions have been cited by the university as two of the leading reasons for its current financial woes. During the formulation of the 2011-12 UC Berkeley budget, the university projected that it will have a $200M funding gap in the 5 years after that year's budget. In response to revenue shortfalls, the UC Regents have raised tuition, and the university is trying to increase the number of non-resident undergraduates, who will pay the more costly out-of-state tuition. Nearly 1/3rd of revenues from tuition and other student fees are returned to students as scholarships and fellowships.[83]
[edit] | Tags: Financial aid and scholarship programs | 4>
Main article: UC Berkeley financial aid
See also: Student financial aid in the United States
Students and prospective students of UC Berkeley are eligible for a variety of public and private financial aid. Most financial aid inquiries are processed through the UC Berkeley Financial Aid and Scholarships Office. Some graduate schools, such as the Haas School of Business[1] and UC Berkeley School of Law[2] have their own financial aid offices.
[edit] | Tags: Student body | 3>
Demographics of student body[80][84]
Undergraduate
Graduate
California
U.S. Census
African American
4%
3%
6.2%
12.1%
Asian American
42%
17%
12.3%
4.3%
White American
31%
42%
49.8%
65.8%
Hispanic American
12%
6%
35.9%
14.5%
Native American
<1%
1%
0.7%
0.9%
International student
4%
18%
N/A
N/A
Berkeley enrolled 25,151 undergraduate and 10,258 graduate students in Fall 2008.[80] Women make up 53% of undergraduate enrollments and 45% graduate and professional students. 90% of undergraduates and 62% of graduate and professional students are California residents.[80] In the wake of Proposition 209, the plurality of Asian American students and under-representation of African-American and Hispanic students has received national attention.[85][86][87][88]
Berkeley received 61,695 applications for admission to the undergraduate program in 2012; 13,037 were admitted (21%).[80] 12,371 students from other colleges and universities applied for transfer admission in 2008; 3,232 were admitted (26%) and 2,012 (62%) enrolled. 97% of freshmen enrolled the next year, the four-year graduation rate was 61%, and the six-year rate was 88%.[80][89] The average unweighted GPA of freshmen in 2011 was 3.88 (4.35 weighted), and their SAT interquartile ranges were 620–740 (Reading), 650–770 (Math), and 640–750 (Writing). Berkeley's enrollment of National Merit Scholars was third in the nation until 2002, when participation in the National Merit program was discontinued.[90] 31% of admitted students receive federal Pell grants.[91]
There were 18,231 applications to masters programs with 20% admitted and 14,361 applications to doctoral program with 16% admitted.[80]
The north side of Doe Library with Memorial Glade in the foreground.
[edit] | Tags: Library system | 3>
Main article: University of California, Berkeley Library System
Berkeley's 32 libraries tie together to make the fourth largest academic library in the United States surpassed only by Harvard University Library, Yale University Library and University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Library.[92] However, considering the relative sizes and ages of these University libraries, Berkeley's collections have been growing about as fast as those at Harvard and Yale combined: specifically, 1.8 times faster than Harvard, and 1.9 times faster than Yale. In 2003, the Association of Research Libraries ranked it as the top public and third overall university library in North America based on various statistical measures of quality.[93] As of 2006, Berkeley's library system contains over 11 million volumes and maintains over 70,000 serial titles.[94] The libraries together cover over 12 acres (4.9 ha) of land and form one of the largest library complexes in the world.[95] Doe Library serves as the library system's reference, periodical, and administrative center, while most of the main collections are housed in the subterranean Gardner Main Stacks and Moffitt Undergraduate Library. The Bancroft Library, with holdings of over 400,000 printed volumes, maintains a collection that documents the history of the western part of North America, with an emphasis on California, Mexico and Central America.
[edit] | Tags: Faculty and research | 2>
Main articles: List of UC Berkeley faculty, Research centers and laboratories at UC Berkeley, and List of Nobel laureates associated with University of California, Berkeley
Seventy Nobel Laureates have been university faculty, alumni or researchers. Special signs indicate campus parking spaces reserved for the Laureates.
Berkeley's current faculty includes 227 American Academy of Arts and Sciences Fellows, 3 Fields Medal winners, 83 Fulbright Scholars, 139 Guggenheim Fellows, 87 members of the National Academy of Engineering, 132 members of the National Academy of Sciences, 9 Nobel Prize winners, 3 Pulitzer Prize winners, 84 Sloan Fellows, 7 Wolf Prize winners and 1 Pritzker Prize winner.[96] 70 Nobel Laureates have been affiliated with the university as faculty, alumni or researchers, the most of any public university in the United States and sixth most of any university in the world.
[edit] | Tags: Student life and traditions | 2>
Sather gate and Sather tower (the Campanile) from Sproul Plaza on the UC Berkeley campus
The official university mascot is Oski the Bear, who debuted in 1941. Previously, live bear cubs were used as mascots at Memorial Stadium. It was decided in 1940 that a costumed mascot would be a better alternative to a live bear. Named after the Oski-wow-wow yell, he is cared for by the Oski Committee, whose members have exclusive knowledge of the identity of the costume-wearer.[97]
The University of California Marching Band, which has served the university since 1891, performs at every home football game and at select road games as well. A smaller subset of the Cal Band, the Straw Hat Band, performs at basketball games, volleyball games, and other campus and community events.[98]
The UC Rally Committee, formed in 1901, is the official guardian of California's Spirit and Traditions. Wearing their traditional blue and gold rugbies, Rally Committee members can be seen at all major sporting and spirit events. Committee members are charged with the maintenance of the five Cal flags, the large California banner overhanging the Memorial Stadium Student Section and Haas Pavilion, the California Victory Cannon, Card Stunts and The Big "C" among other duties. The Rally Committee is also responsible for safekeeping of the Stanford Axe when it is in Cal's possession.[99] The Chairman of the Rally Committee holds the title "Custodian of the Axe" while it is in the Committee's care.
Overlooking the main Berkeley campus from the foothills in the east, The Big "C" is an important symbol of California school spirit. The Big "C" has its roots in an early 20th century campus event called "Rush," which pitted the freshman and sophomore classes against each other in a race up Charter Hill that often developed into a wrestling match. It was eventually decided to discontinue Rush and, in 1905, the freshman and sophomore classes banded together in a show of unity to build the Big "C".[100] Owing to its prominent position, the Big "C" is often the target of pranks by rival Stanford University students who paint the Big "C" red and also fraternities and sororities who paint it their organization's colors. One of the Rally Committee's functions is to repaint the Big "C" to its traditional color of King Alfred Yellow.
Cal students invented the college football tradition of card stunts. Then known as Bleacher Stunts, they were first performed during the 1910 Big Game and consisted of two stunts: a picture of the Stanford Axe and a large blue "C" on a white background. The tradition continues today in the Cal student section and incorporates complicated motions, for example tracing the Cal script logo on a blue background with an imaginary yellow pen.[101]
The California Victory Cannon, placed on Tightwad Hill overlooking the stadium, is fired before every football home game, after every score, and after every Cal victory. First used in the 1963 Big Game, it was originally placed on the sidelines before moving to Tightwad Hill in 1971. The only time the cannon ran out of ammunition was during a game against Pacific in 1991, when Cal scored 12 touchdowns.[102]
Other traditions have included events that span only a few years. William (or Willie) the Polka Dot Man was a performance artist who frequented Sproul Plaza during the late 1970s and early 1980s.[103] The Naked Guy (now deceased[104]) and Larry the Drummer, who performed Batman tunes, appeared in the late 1980s and early 1990s.[103]
A few current traditions include streaking during finals week in the Main Stacks, the Happy Happy Man, and Stoney Burke.
[edit] | Tags: Student government | 4>
The Associated Students of the University of California (ASUC) is the student government organization that controls funding for student groups and organizes on-campus student events. It is considered one of the most autonomous student governments at any public university in the U.S. The two main political parties are "Student Action"[105] and "CalSERVE."[106] The organization was founded in 1887 and has a budget of $1.6 million.
The ASUC's Student Union Program, Entertainment, and Recreation Board (SUPERB) is a student-run, non-profit branch dedicated to providing entertainment for the campus and community. Founded in 1964, SUPERB's programming includes the Friday Film Series, free Noon Concerts on Lower Sproul Plaza, Comedy Competitions, Poker Tournaments, free Sneak Previews of upcoming movies, and more.
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UC Berkeley's student-run online television station, CalTV, was formed in 2005 and broadcasts online. It is run by students with a variety of backgrounds and majors.
UC Berkeley's independent student-run newspaper is The Daily Californian. Founded in 1871, The Daily Cal became independent in 1971 after the campus administration fired three senior editors for encouraging readers to take back People's Park.
Berkeley's FM Student radio station, KALX, broadcasts on 90.7 MHz. It is run largely by volunteers, including both students and community members.
[edit] | Tags: Student groups | 4>
Cal Straw Hat Band (a smaller subset of the Cal Band) playing at SeaWorld in San Diego, California
UC Berkeley has over 700 established student groups.
UC Berkeley has a reputation for student activism, stemming from the 1960s and the Free Speech Movement. Today, Berkeley is known as a lively campus with activism in many forms, from email petitions, presentations on Sproul Plaza and volunteering, to the occasional protest. Political student groups on campus numbered 94 during the 2006–2007 school year, including Berkeley MEChA, Berkeley American Civil Liberties Union, Berkeley Students for Life, Campus Greens, The Sustainability Team (STEAM), the Berkeley Student Food Collective, Students for Sensible Drug Policy, Cal Berkeley Democrats, and the Berkeley College Republicans. Berkeley sends the most students to the Peace Corps of any university in the nation.[107]
Dance Marathon, one of the campus's student-led fundraising events.
The Residence Hall Assembly (RHA) is the student-run residence hall organization that oversees all aspects of residence wide event planning, legislation, sponsorships and activities for over 6000 on-campus undergraduate residents. Founded in 1988 by the President's Council, it is now funded and supported by the Residential and Student Service Programs department on campus.
Berkeley Model United Nations [3], the oldest running high school Model United Nations program in the United States, hosts a major annual conference on campus with an average attendance of 1500 high school students each year. BMUN is hosting its 60th Annual Conference in 2012.
The Berkeley Group[108] is a student consulting organization affiliated with UC Berkeley and the Haas School of Business. Students of all majors are recruited and trained to work on pro-bono consulting engagements with real-life nonprofit clients.
ImagiCal has been the college chapter of the American Advertising Federation at Berkeley since the late 1980s. Every year, the team competes in the National Student Advertising Competition. Students from various backgrounds come together to work on a marketing case provided by the AAF and a corporate sponsor to college chapters across the nation. Most recently, the UC Berkeley team won in their respective regions in both 2005 and 2009, eventually going on to win 4th and 3rd in the nation, respectively.
Democratic Education at Cal, or DeCal, is a program that promotes the creation of professor-sponsored, student-facilitated classes through the Special Studies 98/198 program. DeCal arose out of the 1960s Free Speech movement and was officially established in 1981. The program offers around 150 courses on a vast range of subjects that appeal to the Berkeley student community, including classes on the Rubik's Cube, James Bond, Batman, the The Iranian Revolution, cooking, Israeli folk dancing, nuclear weapons, and meditation.
There are many a cappella groups on campus; two groups include the UC Men's Octet and The California Golden Overtones. The UC Men's Octet is an eight-member a cappella group founded in 1948 featuring a repertoire of barbershop, doo-wop, contemporary pop, modern alternative, and fight songs. They are one of only two multiple time champions of the ICCA, having won the championship in both 1998 and 2000. The California Golden Overtones, founded in 1984, have a very similar repertoire to the Octet. It is a tradition for every Berkeley a cappella group to perform under the campus' iconic Sather Gate each week at different times during the week; Artists in Resonance performs Mondays at Noon, Noteworthy performs Tuesdays at 12:30PM, DeCadence performs Wednesdays at Noon, The Men's Octet performs Wednesdays at 1pm, and the Golden Overtones performs Fridays at 1pm. In addition to a Capella, Berkeley is host to a myriad of other performing arts groups in comedy, dance, acting and instrumental music. A few examples include Jericho! Improv & Sketch Comedy, The Movement, Taiko drumming, BareStage student musical theater, the Remedy Music Project, and Main Stacks Competitive Hip Hop Dance Team.
Since 1967, students and staff jazz musicians have had an opportunity to perform and study with the University of California Jazz Ensembles. Under the direction of Dr. David W. Tucker, who was hired by the Cal Band as a composer, arranger, and associate director, but was later asked to direct the jazz ensembles as it grew in populari | Tags: Latin,Fiat Lux,Websites related to: Mining Bot Wow |